See cuard on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "couard"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "coward"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cowart"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "coward"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "coward"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "couard"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "codardo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "covarde"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "cobarde"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "covardo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cobarde"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*keh₂w-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kewh₂-"
],
[
"*kaudā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kaudā"
],
[
"cauda",
"cauda#Latin"
],
[
"cōda",
"coda#Latin"
],
[
"cue, coe, coue",
"cue#Old_French"
],
[
"*kret-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kret-#Proto-Indo-European:_strong"
],
[
"*harduz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harduz"
],
[
"*-hard",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-hard"
],
[
"-ard",
"-ard#Old_French"
],
[
"coue",
"coue#Old_French"
],
[
"-ard",
"-ard#Old_French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":af",
"3": "cue<alt:cue, coe, coue><t:tail>",
"4": "-ard<ety:bor<frk:*-hard<t:hardy, bold><ety:inh<gem-pro:*harduz<t:hard>>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *keh₂w-der.\nProto-Indo-European *keh₂udeh₂\nProto-Italic *kaudā\nClassical Latin cauda\nVulgar Latin cōda\nOld French cue, coe, coue\nProto-Indo-European *kret-der.?\nProto-Germanic *harduz\nFrankish *-hardbor.\nOld French -ard\nOld French cuard\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*keh₂w-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kewh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kaudā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Classical Latin\", \"term\" : \"cauda\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-cla\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"cōda\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"cue\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"hardy, bold\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"hard\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"strong\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kret-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*harduz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*-hard\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ard\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"cuard\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"cuard\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "coue",
"3": "-ard",
"t1": "tail"
},
"expansion": "coue (“tail”) + -ard",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":af",
"3": "cue<alt:cue, coe, coue><t:tail>",
"4": "-ard<ety:bor<frk:*-hard<t:hardy, bold><ety:inh<gem-pro:*harduz<t:hard>>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *keh₂w-der.\nProto-Indo-European *keh₂udeh₂\nProto-Italic *kaudā\nClassical Latin cauda\nVulgar Latin cōda\nOld French cue, coe, coue\nProto-Indo-European *kret-der.?\nProto-Germanic *harduz\nFrankish *-hardbor.\nOld French -ard\nOld French cuard",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *keh₂w-der.\nProto-Indo-European *keh₂udeh₂\nProto-Italic *kaudā\nClassical Latin cauda\nVulgar Latin cōda\nOld French cue, coe, coue\nProto-Indo-European *kret-der.?\nProto-Germanic *harduz\nFrankish *-hardbor.\nOld French -ard\nOld French cuard\nFrom coue (“tail”) + -ard.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cuard oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "cuarz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cuartz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cuarz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuartz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuard",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cuards",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "cuarde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "cuard",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuarde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuard",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "cuardes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "cuards",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cuardes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "couart",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "coard",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "coart",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cuart",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cöart",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "couuard",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "couward",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "coward",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cowarde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cowart",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuard",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuart",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chuard",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cuard oblique singular, m (oblique plural cuarz or cuartz, nominative singular cuarz or cuartz, nominative plural cuard)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French terms suffixed with -ard",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a coward"
],
"id": "en-cuard-fro-noun-cL7-T6cz",
"links": [
[
"coward",
"coward"
]
]
}
],
"word": "cuard"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "couard"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "coward"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cowart"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "coward"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "coward"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "couard"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "codardo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "covarde"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "cobarde"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "covardo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cobarde"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*keh₂w-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kewh₂-"
],
[
"*kaudā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kaudā"
],
[
"cauda",
"cauda#Latin"
],
[
"cōda",
"coda#Latin"
],
[
"cue, coe, coue",
"cue#Old_French"
],
[
"*kret-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kret-#Proto-Indo-European:_strong"
],
[
"*harduz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harduz"
],
[
"*-hard",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-hard"
],
[
"-ard",
"-ard#Old_French"
],
[
"coue",
"coue#Old_French"
],
[
"-ard",
"-ard#Old_French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":af",
"3": "cue<alt:cue, coe, coue><t:tail>",
"4": "-ard<ety:bor<frk:*-hard<t:hardy, bold><ety:inh<gem-pro:*harduz<t:hard>>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *keh₂w-der.\nProto-Indo-European *keh₂udeh₂\nProto-Italic *kaudā\nClassical Latin cauda\nVulgar Latin cōda\nOld French cue, coe, coue\nProto-Indo-European *kret-der.?\nProto-Germanic *harduz\nFrankish *-hardbor.\nOld French -ard\nOld French cuard\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*keh₂w-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kewh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kaudā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Classical Latin\", \"term\" : \"cauda\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-cla\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"cōda\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"cue\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"hardy, bold\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"hard\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"strong\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kret-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*harduz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*-hard\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ard\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"cuard\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"cuard\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "coue",
"3": "-ard",
"t1": "tail"
},
"expansion": "coue (“tail”) + -ard",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":af",
"3": "cue<alt:cue, coe, coue><t:tail>",
"4": "-ard<ety:bor<frk:*-hard<t:hardy, bold><ety:inh<gem-pro:*harduz<t:hard>>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *keh₂w-der.\nProto-Indo-European *keh₂udeh₂\nProto-Italic *kaudā\nClassical Latin cauda\nVulgar Latin cōda\nOld French cue, coe, coue\nProto-Indo-European *kret-der.?\nProto-Germanic *harduz\nFrankish *-hardbor.\nOld French -ard\nOld French cuard",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *keh₂w-der.\nProto-Indo-European *keh₂udeh₂\nProto-Italic *kaudā\nClassical Latin cauda\nVulgar Latin cōda\nOld French cue, coe, coue\nProto-Indo-European *kret-der.?\nProto-Germanic *harduz\nFrankish *-hardbor.\nOld French -ard\nOld French cuard\nFrom coue (“tail”) + -ard.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cuard oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "cuarz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cuartz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cuarz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuartz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuard",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cuards",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "cuarde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "cuard",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuarde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuard",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "cuardes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "cuards",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cuardes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "couart",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "coard",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "coart",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cuart",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cöart",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "couuard",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "couward",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "coward",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cowarde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cowart",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuard",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuart",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chuard",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cuard oblique singular, m (oblique plural cuarz or cuartz, nominative singular cuarz or cuartz, nominative plural cuard)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with etymology trees",
"Old French entries with etymon",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French links with redundant alt parameters",
"Old French links with redundant wikilinks",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kewh₂-",
"Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kret- (strong)",
"Old French terms suffixed with -ard",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
],
"glosses": [
"a coward"
],
"links": [
[
"coward",
"coward"
]
]
}
],
"word": "cuard"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cuard meaning in All languages combined (7.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'cuard oblique singular or', originally 'cuard oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"cuard"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cuard",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'cuard oblique singular or', originally 'cuard oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"cuard"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cuard",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'cuard oblique singular or' in 'cuard oblique singular, m (oblique plural cuarz or cuartz, nominative singular cuarz or cuartz, nominative plural cuard)'",
"path": [
"cuard"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cuard",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.